ADD Vs ADHD, What Are The Differences & Similarities?

Understanding ADD vs ADHD Symptoms

While the diagnostic criteria remain consistent across age groups, adults may encounter distinct challenges in managing ADHD compared to children.

Adults with undiagnosed or untreated ADHD may grapple with issues related to work productivity, relationships, time management, or finances due to difficulties in concentration and organization. Adults diagnosed with either form of ADHD must receive appropriate treatment and support to manage their symptoms effectively.

While the signs and symptoms of ADHD and ADD in adults share similarities, there are notable differences. Individuals with ADHD may exhibit a higher tendency for impulsive behavior, procrastination, and risk-taking, whereas those with ADD may lean towards inattentiveness, spacing out, or easy distractibility. Individuals with ADD often struggle with sustained attention on tasks, while adults with ADHD may find transitioning between functions challenging.

Restlessness and difficulty staying still may be more prevalent in adults with ADHD, whereas those with ADD may experience a slower pace and encounter challenges initiating tasks. ADHD adults may struggle with active listening and following instructions, while individuals with ADD may face difficulties in organization, memory retention, and time management. Both scenarios can lead to disorganization, posing challenges in maintaining commitments to work, school, relationships, and household responsibilities.

ADHD vs ADD Diagnosis

ADHD is a clinically diagnosed disorder without specific laboratory or radiologic tests. Neuropsychological tests lack sensitivity for diagnosis, making the patient’s history the primary basis for diagnosis.

Evaluation typically involves various rating scales and input from multiple informants, such as teachers, guardians, and parents. Clinicians must rule out other disorders contributing to the symptoms, avoiding diagnoses within the context of conditions like psychotic or manic episodes.

ADHD encompasses combined, inattentive, and hyperactive-impulsive presentations, while ADD specifically pertains to the inattentive presentation. Both share a core feature of difficulty maintaining focus and sustained concentration.

To distinguish between ADHD and ADD, therapists analyze varying symptoms. ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in childhood, often persisting into adulthood. The official medical term for the condition is ADHD, irrespective of whether hyperactivity symptoms are present. ADD, an outdated term from the DSM-3, denotes inattentive-type ADHD, characterized by disorganization, lack of focus, and forgetfulness.

For adult cases of ADD vs ADHD, two subtypes were initially identified: ADD with hyperactivity and ADD without hyperactivity. However, in the 1987 revision by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), these subtypes were consolidated into a unified condition referred to as ADHD.

Finding Help For ADD and ADHD

Distinguishing between attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can impact one’s ability to concentrate on academic tasks, engage in social interactions, and perform everyday activities such as dressing or working. Familiarize yourself with ADHD symptoms and explore available treatment options. Similar signs of ADD or ADHD may manifest in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and dissociative disorders.

Engaging in mental health rehabilitation can be advantageous for addressing and navigating the difficulties linked to ADHD. This approach offers customized strategies and support, empowering individuals to enhance their well-being and functionality.

Learn More:

• The Three Types of ADHD: Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive, and Combined
• Mental Health Assessment for Mental Illness Treatment
• Mental Health Treatment. Warning Signs, Types of Treatment, Therapies, Medications & How To Get Help.

Inattentive ADHD Symptoms 

Inattentive ADHD is one of the three categories within the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. Individuals with the inattentive type of ADHD often exhibit a quieter demeanor, frequent daydreaming, easy distractibility, forgetfulness, challenges in maintaining focus, and may appear disorganized. Treatment for inattentive ADHD involves lifestyle adjustments, medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, coping strategies, and access to supportive resources.

Common symptoms of inattentive ADHD in both women and men encompass:

• Difficulty paying attention.
• Ease of forgetting things.
• Need for assistance in completing tasks.
• Disorganization.
• Procrastination.
• Difficulty sustaining focus on a single activity for an extended period.
• Challenges in multitasking.
• Struggles with following through on commitments.

When considering ADD vs ADHD in females, there may be a tendency for more internalized symptoms, such as daydreaming or organizational difficulties, which might be easily overlooked compared to the more overt hyperactivity often observed in males. Recognizing and addressing ADHD symptoms in a gender-sensitive manner is crucial to understanding the diverse ways in which they may manifest in women and men.

Inattentive ADHD in Women

Females with inattentive ADHD may encounter distinctive symptoms, including challenges in managing relationships, emotions, and multitasking. Those with this ADHD subtype might struggle to recognize patterns, make intuitive leaps, and grapple with abstract ideas. Additionally, women with inattentive ADHD may contend with heightened daily stress, exacerbating their symptoms and rendering them more challenging to navigate. The treatment approach for inattentive ADHD in women often involves lifestyle adjustments.

The underdiagnosis of ADHD in adult women is common, given the variations in how symptoms manifest in females. Women with ADHD may experience heightened distraction compared to men, and the intrusive thinking associated with their ADHD might manifest more as rumination than impulsivity.

Primary ADHD and ADD Difference

Challenges in concentration, impulsivity, and hyperactivity define attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Attention deficit disorder (ADD) shares the difficulty with concentration but lacks the components of hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Since the introduction of the DSM-5 in 2013, both ADD and ADHD are now classified as subtypes of a unified condition.

ADD in Adult Men

ADHD in males is frequently marked by challenges sustaining focus, impulsive decision-making, and organization and time management difficulties.

Hyperactivity symptoms observed in childhood may transform into a sense of restlessness or inner agitation in adulthood, impacting multiple facets of life, including work, relationships, and overall well-being.

In adult males, ADHD may manifest through the following signs and symptoms:

• Difficulty sustaining attention, hindering task focus.
• Impulsivity results in hasty decisions and self-regulation challenges.
• Organizational difficulties affecting time management and task completion.
• Restlessness or inner agitation.
• Inconsistent performance and frequent procrastination.
• Relationship challenges due to communication and attentiveness issues.
• Elevated risk of developing comorbid conditions like anxiety and depression.
• Adoption of coping mechanisms such as excessive caffeine consumption or engaging in high-risk behaviors.
• Varied employment history stemming from struggles with maintaining consistent work performance.
• Challenges in managing personal finances and responsibilities.

Accurate diagnosis and tailored interventions for ADHD in adult males hinge on a thorough understanding of these distinctive characteristics.

30%

Inattentive ADHD, also known as ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation, is estimated to affect around 25% to 30% of individuals diagnosed with ADHD.

Source: NIMH

1 in 5

In 2020, nearly one in five US adults had a mental illness, including ADHD.

Source: NIMH

Top 5 Signs of ADHD in Adults

ADHD is not confined to childhood; it can endure into adulthood, albeit with potentially distinct manifestations. Numerous individuals with undiagnosed or untreated ADHD grapple with symptoms that significantly influence their adult lives, affecting areas such as work, relationships, and overall functioning.

In adults, ADHD may manifest more subtly, leading to potential misinterpretation as another mental health condition, thereby complicating the diagnosis. Identifying the distinctions between ADHD and ADD is an initial stride toward effecting positive changes. Armed with accurate information, individuals are empowered to seek professional assistance, overcome challenges, and foster personal growth.

1. Difficulty Focusing

Adults with ADHD may struggle to regulate their focus and encounter challenges in concentration. Observable manifestations may include:

• Easy distractibility.
• Frequent daydreaming.
• Zoning out during conversations.
• Overlooking instructions and details.
• A need to complete projects or tasks on time.

Another noteworthy symptom of ADHD in adults is the inclination to hyperfocus on projects that evoke excitement and interest. Maintaining focus on other essential tasks or interactions may become difficult during this state.

2. Misplacing Items

Individuals with ADHD may encounter difficulty storing, organizing, or keeping track of their belongings. This can manifest as:

• Misplacing everyday items (e.g., car keys or wallet) while the mind is on autopilot.
• Losing track of the location of an item after a moment of inattention.
• Frequent retracing of steps to locate lost items.
• Storing things in incorrect places (e.g., work papers in the car, dirty dishes in the bedroom).

3. Always Running Late

Frequent tardiness is a common challenge for individuals with ADHD, stemming from difficulties in time management. Reasons for being consistently late for appointments, meetings, or social plans often include:

• Difficulty locating necessary items (such as car keys, wallet, or meeting notes).
• Forgetfulness regarding dates and times.
• Underestimating the time required to finish projects or tasks.
• Getting easily distracted while preparing for an appointment or event.

4. Risky Behaviors

Studies indicate that adults with ADHD are more prone to engaging in risk-taking behavior. Taking the initiative to seek help and support can diminish the likelihood of involvement in these activities. Such behaviors may include:

• Initiating arguments or fights.
• Excessive spending.
• Reckless driving.
• Substance use (alcohol or drugs).
• Making risky decisions related to sexual activities (e.g., unprotected sex).
• Engaging in gambling.
• Impulsive eating.

5. Lack of Listening Skills

Navigating social interactions can be challenging for individuals with ADHD, who may encounter difficulties in the following areas:

• Waiting for their turn to speak.
• Staying on topic.
• Keeping track of the conversation.
• Employing non-verbal cues to indicate active listening.
• Speaking too quickly.
• Excessive talking.
• Blurting out words that may make others uncomfortable.
• Difficulty in interpreting other people’s body language.

ADD vs ADHD Facilities

ADD and ADHD treatment centers should prioritize supporting the families of individuals with these disorders. Family-focused therapies, such as couples therapy and family counseling, can aid individuals and their loved ones cultivate healthy communication strategies, fostering long-term recovery success.

An ADD vs ADHD rehabilitation center must also impart education about mental health and its impact on both the affected individual and their family. Armed with this knowledge, families can better understand the individual’s experiences and learn how to provide optimal support during and after treatment.

Mental health rehabilitation centers explicitly geared toward adults with ADD vs ADHD can offer comprehensive care, providing individuals with the best chances of reclaiming a fulfilling life. These facilities should boast experienced staff well-versed in ADHD treatment and mental health, equipped to address various symptoms, signs, and comorbidities.

Opting for an inpatient program for ADHD treatment offers several advantages, including:

1. Structured Environment: Inpatient rehab establishes a highly structured setting, aiding individuals with ADHD in establishing routines and refining time management skills.
2. Intensive Therapy: Inpatient programs provide concentrated therapy and counseling sessions, allowing for focused attention on addressing ADHD symptoms and associated challenges.
3. Multidisciplinary Approach: Inpatient rehabilitation often involves a diverse team of specialists, including psychiatrists, psychologists, occupational therapists, and social workers, contributing to a holistic approach to treatment.

ADD vs ADHD Medication

ADHD is frequently managed with one of three categories of medication—psychostimulants, antidepressants, or non-stimulant drugs.

Individuals with inattentive ADD may find relief from anxiety and ADD medication to enhance focus and maintain attention.

1. Psychostimulants: These drugs impact neurotransmitters in the brain, potentially providing heightened energy and attentiveness for individuals with ADD and anxiety. Extended-release formulations are often preferred over immediate-release ones. Examples of psychostimulants include amphetamines like Adderall and methylphenidates such as Ritalin and Concerta.
2. Antidepressants: By influencing neurotransmitters, antidepressants can contribute to mood and attention improvement for those dealing with adult ADD and anxiety. Wellbutrin (bupropion) and Effexor (venlafaxine) are common antidepressants recommended for ADHD’s inattentive symptoms.
3. Non-stimulant drugs: In cases where stimulant side effects are undesirable, non-stimulant ADD medications may be advantageous. Medications for anxiety or ADD, such as Strattera (atomoxetine) and Intuniv (guanfacine), work by affecting the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, potentially regulating emotions and enhancing focus on specific tasks.

Like any medication, psychostimulants, antidepressants, and non-stimulants may lead to common side effects such as dizziness, loss of appetite, and upset stomach. It is crucial to consult with your doctor if you or someone you care about is experiencing any unusual symptoms.

Behavioral Therapy for ADHD

Whether or not patients opt for medication as a treatment, most psychologists recommend developing a behavior intervention plan to teach adaptive behavior skills and diminish off-task and inattentive behaviors. This often involves a combination of various methods:

1. Behavior Therapy: A therapist typically engages with you and your loved one with ADHD. Sessions may involve facilitating conversations or providing activities to help express feelings. Family therapy may be recommended for all family members to learn healthy ways to manage the condition.
2. Parent Training in Behavior Management: This involves learning strategies like talk therapy to allow your loved one to freely express feelings and adopt healthy coping mechanisms for challenging emotions.
3. Behavioral Interventions at School: Your loved one may qualify for extra assistance under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Accommodations may include spare time on tests, additional breaks, environmental changes, positive reinforcement, and customized assignments.
4. Behavioral Peer Interventions: A therapist or trained professional may lead a group in activities that teach constructive peer interactions. Skills like conversation, handling teasing, and making friends are introduced, with reinforcement of these lessons at home and school by loved ones.

Best ADD Medication for Adults with Anxiety

The symptoms of ADHD and ADD share similarities but represent distinct conditions. Individuals with ADD do not experience hyperactivity; their primary challenge lies in maintaining attention. Although current diagnostic criteria do not delineate ADD as a separate condition, grouping its symptoms under inattentive ADHD, individuals with both ADHD and ADD can encounter difficulties throughout their lives, from childhood to adulthood.

Obtaining an accurate diagnosis may take time, but doctors can assist individuals through lifestyle changes and potentially recommend medication once achieved. If someone exhibits symptoms hindering academic or work progress or disrupting relationships, seeking medical help is advisable.

The benefits of ADHD medication can vary, and decisions about medication should be collaborative with a healthcare professional. Benefits include:

1. Improved Focus.
2. Reduced Impulsivity.
3. Enhanced Executive Functioning.
4. Better School/Work Performance.
5. Positive Social Interactions.
6. Boosted Self-Esteem.
7. Decreased Anxiety.
8. Improved Quality of Life.
9. Easier Learning.
10. Effective Coping.

ADHD is commonly addressed with stimulant medications that enhance brain chemicals associated with focus and cognitive function. While these medications can alleviate symptoms during school or work, they may also reduce appetite, headaches, or sleep disturbances.

Certain ADHD medications, classified as non-stimulants, offer alternatives with different side effect profiles, although they may not produce immediate effects. Combining stimulant and non-stimulant drugs is a strategy your doctor might employ.

Coping with symptoms of ADD vs ADHD in adults poses challenges, but effective management is possible. Mental health professionals may prescribe stimulant and antidepressant medications alongside recommending counseling or other therapeutic interventions.